Hiistory of jordan

Hiistory of jordan


The land that became Jordan forms part of the richly historical Fertile Crescent region. Its history began around 2000 BC, when Semitic Amorites settled around the Jordan River in the area called Canaan. Subsequent invaders and settlers included Hittites, Egyptians, Israelites, Assyrians, Babylonians, Persians, Greeks, Romans, Arab Muslims, Seljuks, Christian Crusaders, Eyyubids, Mongols, Mameluks, Ottoman Turks, Circassians, and, finally, the British.

The most prominent kingdoms that settled in Jordan and had their capitals on Jordanian soil were the kingdoms of Ammon, Moab, and Edom [1] . The Ammonites had their capital in Rabbath Ammon which is present day Amman. The Moabites settled in present-day Kerak Governorate with their capital at Kir of Moab (Kerak) [2], and the kingdom of Edom settled in southern Jordan and southern Palestine, and their capital was in Bozrah in Tafilah Governorate. The kingdom of Ammon maintained its independence from the Assyrian empire, unlike all other kingdoms in the region which were conquered [3].


Petra was the capital of the Nabatean kingdom, The Nabatean alphabets, which are the current Arabic language Alphabets were invented in this city.
One of the most significant civilizations that existed in the region now occupied by Jordan was the Nabatean kingdom, who had their capital in Petra and were the creators of the modern Arabic alphabets.

After the Persians took control of the region from the Assyrians, the armies of Alexander the great arrived in the region and built several cities such as Saltus. Meanwhile The Nabatean Kingdom of Petra was rising in southern Jordan, and absorbed the Edomites. The Greeks failed to break through the strong defences of Petra. Petra was finally sieged and occupied by the Roman Empire in 103 A.D. after several failed attempts.